Smoke inhalation

Smoke inhalation

Smoke inhalation is a condition in which the body is exposed to toxic gases and particles from inhaling smoke, such as carbon monoxide (CO), cyanide, chemicals from combustion, and heat. These can damage the respiratory system and be life-threatening.

Causes
- Inhalation of smoke from fires in buildings, houses, and vehicles
- Being in an enclosed space with a fire, resulting in oxygen deprivation
- Exposure to smoke from burning chemicals, plastics, or synthetic materials

Symptoms
Symptoms depend on the severity and type of gas inhaled.
- Initial: Coughing, burning nose, throat, watery eyes, hoarseness
- More severe: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, chest tightness
- CO/cyanide poisoning: Headache, confusion, dizziness, pinkish or bluish skin, unconsciousness
- In severe cases, respiratory failure or death can occur.

Diagnosis
A doctor will rely on:
- History of smoke/fire exposure
- Physical Examination: Look for soot around the mouth and nose, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing.
- Blood Test: Measure carbon monoxide (carboxyhemoglobin) levels or oxygen deficiency.
- Chest X-ray/CT Scan: Check for inflammation or injury to the lungs and bronchi.

Treatment
- Remove the victim from the scene as quickly as possible, away from the smoke.
- Administer high-concentration oxygen through a mask (100% oxygen).
- In severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (high-pressure oxygen) may be required.
- Airway Management: Intubation may be necessary if the airway is swollen.
- Administer fluids and treat symptoms such as bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications.
- Monitor for complications such as pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and respiratory failure.

Dos and Don'ts:                                                                                                                                                       

-Dos and Don'ts: Leave the scene immediately. Immediately seek medical attention if smoke inhalation occurs. Do not ignore symptoms, even if the initial symptoms appear minor.
*Don'ts: Return to the scene, attempt self-treatment without medical attention, or self-administer inhalers or cough suppressants without medical advice.



Summary
Smoke inhalation is a medical emergency and can be fatal. First aid is to leave the area immediately and get oxygen. Then, see a doctor for prompt examination and treatment.